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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers fc
The death penalty Murder, a typical event in American culture, is thought of as a ghastly, indefensible outrage. Why at that point, is it thought of diversely when the state government masterminds and executes an individual, the very meaning of planned homicide? The death penalty has been explored and read for a long time, uncovering a few imbalances and shortcomings, demonstrating the requirement for capital punishment to be abrogated. Upon assessment, one sees the death penalty as financially frail and inadequate. A typical misguided judgment of capital punishment is that the expense to execute a sentenced criminal is less expensive than to put a convict in jail for life without any chance to appeal. Because of the United States legal framework, the procedure of advances, which is inescapable with cases including demise as the sentence, brings about an extraordinary expense and is very tedious. The expense of a capital preliminary and execution can be two to multiple times more prominent than the measure of cash expected to house and feed a detainee forever. "Studies show imprisonment costs generally $20,000 per prisoner every year ($800,000 if an individual lives 40 years in jail). Examination additionally shows a capital punishment ease costs generally $2 million for every execution," (Kaplan 2). The death penalty is very costly and exhausts state administrations of cash that could be utilized for a wide scope of projects that are helpful. As Belolyn Wiliams-Harold, a writer for the diary Black Enterprise, composes that district governments are normally liable for the expenses of arraignment and the expenses of the criminal preliminary, including lawyer's charges, and compensations for the individuals from the court. This cash is spent to the detriment of the remedies office and wrongdoing counteraction programs, which are as of now is broke (Williams-Harlod 1). These "financial constraints,", for example, the death penalty, don't advance a solid, business society, however cost and mischief general society. Just as being financially unsound, capital punishment is socially one-sided. A class framework has all the earmarks of being available in the United States of America this day in age, and the lower classes appear to nearly be victimized by the higher classes. This is likewise valid for the death penalty. Ed Bishop of the St. Louis Journalism Review , composes on how these individuals from a lower class can not get away from capital punishment. At the tallness of the... ...l discipline as an equitable and ethically solid technique for equity. All things considered, "An eye for an eye" appeared to be a method of reasoning that many held onto as reasonable. Presently there is a period of closer assessment of what is genuinely just and ethically moral, just as monetarily stable. A result should be reasonable, sympathetic, and viable. Does the death penalty meet these rules? There are convincing motivations to change the framework we have indiscriminately acclaimed. Ideally we are actualizing another method of managing a deep rooted predicament. Works Cited Religious administrator, Ed. St. Louis Journalism Review, "Anti-capital punishment Stance." V29, March 1999. http://source.unco.edu/. Cummings, Ryan. The Economist, "Most Advanced Countries Have Abolished Capital Punishment." V351, May 15, 1999. http://source.unco.edu/. Kaplan, David A. Newsweek, "Capital Punishment." V129, June 16, 1997. http://source.unco.edu/. Kile, David. The Christian Century, "Death Penalty Doubts." V116, Feb. 24, 1999. http://source.unco.edu/. Williams-Harold, Belolyn. Dark Enterprise, "Facts and Figures: an exorbitant matter of life or death." V29, Sept. 1998. http://source.unco.edu/.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Strong Tie free essay sample
Tie Ltd. a family-possessed assembling apparatus maker has figured out how to keep up stable deals numbers all through ongoing years even while the Housing market overall was on a negative pattern. While this ought to convert into higher overall revenues, the specific inverse pattern has happened. The answer for Strong Tieââ¬â¢s budgetary issues is an expansion in costs of merchandise and pay cuts. Starting in 2006 where Strong Tie has Sales of 16. 2 million, the organization kept up sound deals between the 16 and 17. 5 million. Anyway Operating Income diminished by 29% and afterward another 75% the next year. Two primary elements prompted this pattern: COGS and Depreciation. In the wake of investigating the manner in which Strong Tie has dealt with their products. Their Raw Material Turnover was near standard with benchmark numbers at 27 days which implies they have been changing over the crude materials into completed products on remarkable planning. The days in Work in Progress was additionally advancing at a solid rate going from 4. We will compose a custom exposition test on Solid Tie or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 5 days in 2006 to about 1 day in 2008. As it were, they had the option to complete products at quicker rates. With these two sound rates, there ought to have been expanding benefits, anyway one variable was preventing it from occurring; Days in Finished Goods. Solid Tieââ¬â¢s most beneficial year was 2006 where days in completed merchandise was 45 which was near comparable to the benchmark of 51. However, by 2008, Strong Tie had completed merchandise taking off the racks by 26 days. On the off chance that clients are purchasing the items this quick, the costs of these products are too low which has brought about a significant loss of benefit. In this way the primary proposal is increment costs significantly. Devaluation then again was relied upon to happen however the expense about multiplied in 2006 from 396k to 720k in 2008 probably from a significant breakdown of hardware and fix costs. Devaluation expenses may likewise have gotten from Strong Tie contributing on new mechanized feeders and bundling hardware. So while the monetary record shows expanding paces of devaluation and selling costs, anticipate that those expenses should bring down by and by. This venture additionally can possibly accelerate the rate at which crude materials are changed over into completed products. With increasingly completed products to sell at more significant expenses, Operating Income will see a developing pattern. Another reason for worry in Strong Tie is the additional profits that are being paid alongside the Salary rewards. Leading the 1 million dollar reward to the three little girls compares to about 350k per little girl. That kind of pay isn't legitimate to three workers and is adversely influencing the held profit to the business. The 500k being paid each year to somebody that has no relationship to the business at all is additionally a misuse of potential increases. Two suggestions here would help held profit fundamentally. Leading the pay of the three little girls should be fundamentally brought down. It is wanted to enlist new representatives to fill that position and get paid sensible wages. Second, it would be in the companyââ¬â¢s wellbeing to search out another investor for the 500k in profits being paid each year. Current investor should be supplanted with somebody with vision for the organization that goes to the roundtable gatherings and contributes their contribution to the general objectives of the organization. One point that can possibly turn into an issue is the financing of the acknowledge understanding for the Bank of Nova Scotia. Financing is ensured just if Strong Tie can keep up an assortment of benchmarks. Initial a present proportion of 1.5 or higher was required. The organization began solid in 2006 with a proportion of 5 however has declined to 3. 13 in its latest year. This diminishing rate isn't excessively undermining anyway in light of the fact that the utilization of assets will be all the more productively utilized with the new hardware and programmed apparatus that has been bought. The organization expected to follow a Long-term obligation to Total Capitalization Ratio of 40% or less and has had the option to however again is drawing nearer to that benchmark. The explanation behind that was the hazard that it has taken experiencing a similar interest in new capital. The one zone that Strong Tie is as of now battling with in the benchmarks they have to keep up is Cash Flow Coverage. They have to keep up more than 1, however that number dropped to . 57 out of 2008. One reason why this number has dipped under the necessity is a result of the expanding cost of deterioration that has been amassing that is being paid for. When the organization raises its costs on the amount they sell their products for will the Cash Flow Coverage return to its prerequisite since Depreciation expenses should as of now be on the way toward bringing down with the new hardware. Solid Tieââ¬â¢s interest in robotization as of now has the organization tense right now with its net gain, yet in time that venture will pay off. While the interest for houses in the market went down altogether during this period (2006-2008), Strong Tie has kept up stable deals numbers halfway on account of how low the costs have been. While 2008 was Strong Tieââ¬â¢s most fragile year from a pay stance, moneylenders (especially Bank of Nova Scotia) ought not stress as long as Strong Tie expands the costs of merchandise with the goal that the Cash Flow Coverage proportion comes back to ordinary. While financing may seem, by all accounts, to be in risk right now, the present capital will hold the spine together of this organization until these progressions are made. At last the last significant changes required are to the compensations being paid to Johnstoneââ¬â¢s three little girls and a potential new investor. When this yearly expense of 1. 5 million is facilitated and with expanded costs to deals products we will see Strong Tie turning out to be gainful once more.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Essay Topics For AP History
Essay Topics For AP HistoryEssay topics for AP History can be anything that you want. You can use it as a part of your research paper, even for an AP class. Since the essay is very important for your school to make sure that it is all going to be a hundred percent correct and error free.There are different ways on how you can create your essay. There are a lot of great guides online that will help you through the process. Some of them are more advanced than others, but all of them do help with the different concepts of the essay. There are a lot of resources that are available for the writing and research that you need.The best thing about doing your own essay is that it gives you the freedom to create and layout your essay any way that you want. No one else is going to be able to help you because you are creating it all by yourself. However, there are always a few things that you should consider in order to make it great.It is important that you make sure that your essay is able to be used by other people. This means that it needs to be able to pass the AP essay exam. You can find this test and the format that you need to use online, which can help you a lot in making sure that you know what you are doing.You should make sure that you write the essay in a way that everyone will be able to understand it. If you are not comfortable with your grammar, then you might want to check out an online guide. You can always hire someone who has experience with AP essay writing, or you can do it yourself. The best way to do it is to read it over several times and see if you can modify it a little bit so that it will pass the test.Once you have the essay topics for AP history ready, you can begin to write it. Make sure that you always try to make sure that it is easy to read and understand. The more you think about it, the easier it will be to get it down.There are many resources that are available to you for essay topics for AP history. You can either buy them, or you can search for them on the internet. Either way will work just fine.You have been given an opportunity to write a good essay topic for AP history, but it is up to you to take advantage of it. The best way to do it is to make sure that you take the time to do a lot of research on the topic so that you will be able to learn everything that you need to know. This will make it easier for you when you get to write the paper.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Friday, May 15, 2020
Essay on History of Terrorism - 1536 Words
We define terrorism as using force to influence or change a political decision. Given that there may be an array of situations the U.S. government and the American people are faced with on a daily basis, most would probably agree in saying that terrorism is the most imperative issue we are not only becoming victims to, but are interminably asked to deal with as well as finding a solution for. The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distant reminders of our past, but at the same time, are not a far cry from todayââ¬â¢s brutal acts; and although these acts seem distant, it doesnââ¬â¢t also mean they are no longer in the thoughts of individuals in todayââ¬â¢s time.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As far as terrorism and these terrorists extensive plots against other countries, a more in depth look should go towards the social aspect of these individuals. This is a big part in the cause of terrorism. Some of the findings, through brief research, may suggest oppression is related with terrorism. Another term that could be used and may be more appropriate in this case would be the term totalism. A totalistic individual is one who sees themselves as being oppressed, and basically will justify his or her actions through their own self-pity. This perhaps may be a cynical definition, but the a verage person who is picked on by a tall muscular bully may not always resent tall muscular people. On the other hand, another individual as opposed to a totalistic individual will not forgive nor forget this type of person. They may also be extremely prone to making horrific attacks against these types of people. So far this theory has been fairly consistent with major tragic events that have taken place throughout time. There are many different ways people are affected and there are also many different ways people are raised and taught at a young age that this is a way of life, so without proper therapy or counseling,Show MoreRelatedTerrorism : Terrorism And History1799 Words à |à 8 PagesTerrorism evolution and history Terrorism narration may be as old as human evolution and political activities, where some superior entities invaded, terrorized and often captured and sold their opponents into slavery if their request were not met by the other person, group, or tribe (Mickolus, Simmons, 2014). Terrorism has no generally acceptable definition because of the evolving nature and wider spectrum and scope which make it difficult to classify or not to categorize as acts of terrorismRead MoreHistory of Terrorism3139 Words à |à 13 PagesTHE CONTEXT OF TERRORISM Terrorism beams into our homes through television screens, it assaults us in newspapers and magazines, and it sometimes touches our lives in more direct manners. People do not seem to worry about the definition of terrorism at such times. They simply feel terror when they see the violence. Sometimes it seems as though the event itself defines terrorism. For example, when a plane is destroyed by a bomb, it is frequently called terrorism, but when military forces shoot downRead MoreThe History of Terrorism in America1861 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction Terrorism in America tends to be a product of many issues, population as well as conflict that has co-existed within the nations borders. Uniquely United State has been known for its ability to contain multitudes in relative harmony. According to investigations, majority of terrorism in the history of America is motivated by an extreme distrust of the ideal American democracy that has given opportunity for every individual to claim loyalty to, in addition to benefiting from AmericanRead MoreTerrorism: A Defining Moment in Our Recent History1576 Words à |à 6 Pages As an American living in the 21st century, terrorism has been a defining moment in our recent history. It has shaped the foreign policies of many nations, changed the way society has viewed violence and created debates about national security. Yet, it is only recently that terrorism has gone global. The history of terrorism is rooted in its use by revolutionaries and governments, its influence on domestic affairs and the various methods used to instill fear and control. But since the end ofRead MoreHistory Elective Terrorism : Is An Act Done By An Individual Or A Group?1976 Words à |à 8 PagesHistory Elective Terrorism Assignment Q1. Terrorism is an act done by an individual or a group, using violence or the threat of violence to frighten people, in order to achieve a political, social or religious goal. The word ââ¬Å"terrorismâ⬠comes from the French word terrorisme, meaning ââ¬Å"to frighten.â⬠Terrorism was originally referred specifically to state terrorism, which the French Government practised during the years 1793 ââ¬â 1794 in the ââ¬Å"reign of terror.â⬠The roots and practices of terrorism can beRead MoreThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of1100 Words à |à 5 PagesThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of America, the war that nobody wanted is finally coming to an end. Ever since the September 11th attack on the twin towers in the heart of New York, the United States has led a 13 year long war on terrorism in the war-torn country, Afghanistan. The ending of the war is a major turning point in the history of America and Afghanistan. The ending of the war will be the greatest test on the people of AfghanistanRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On Terrorism And Terrorism944 Words à |à 4 PagesEffects of Terrorism ââ¬Å"The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism,â⬠(History of Terrorism). The history of terrorism is a long bloody road. One of the bloodiest of acts of terrorism in the early years, was the reign of terror. In which, the Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, executed 40,000 people. Newspapers coined the word ââ¬Å"Terrorismâ⬠as a way of describing RobespierreRead MoreTerrorism is not a derogatory moral classification; rather, it is a mode of warfare1600 Words à |à 7 PagesTerrorism is not a derogatory moral classification; rather, it is a mode of warfare. Terrorism is a tactic, yet it is a term used derogatorily to describe a certain group of people because of events in the recent past. Because of a sweeping generalizations about those that commit act of terrorism, terrorism has been turned into a ââ¬Å"dirtyâ⬠word to describe people, instead of the act that the word actually defines. Why do people decide to use terrorism as a derogatory moral classification? What causesRead MoreUnderstanding The War On Terror1522 Words à |à 7 Pagesharmed from the terrorism for a long time. It is impossible for victims who are effected by the terrorism to live safely. Cruel terrorist group even attack female and children. The incidence of terrorism is increasing in the world. It is big problem in the world because countries worry about their citizen from the terrorism. The United States and other countries stuck to continue the war on terror. The war on terrorism has fought for a long time. The terrorism has had long history. Since ancient countriesRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1126 Words à |à 5 PagesTerrorism Have you ever had a fear for your family, your town, your country, or your world. How about the fear to have everything taken from you, destroyed, and not caring if it has hurt you or not? What about your fear and pain is, and can be someone elseââ¬â¢s happiness? The fear of you being terrorized? That is terrorism. Someone else bringing fear and terrorizing you. That is a terroristââ¬â¢s goal. Terrorism is common and is very difficult to stop. The government promises protection for the people
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Analysis Of The Book The 57 Books By Elie Wiesel
EXPOSITION: Night, in its original Yiddish form, was the first of the 57 books written by Elie Wiesel till date. The book titled Un di velt hot geshvign (And the World Remained Silent) in Yiddish, was published in abridged form in Buenos Aires, Brazil. Wiesel rewrote a shortened version of the manuscript in French, which was published as the 127-page La Nuit, and later translated into English as Night. The book gives a detailed and heart wrenching first person account of the activities that took place in the concentration camps under the Nazi rule during the Second World War. It describes how Elie, then a small boy, was severed from his mother and sister forever, and how he lost his father, his faith and also the will to survive by the end of his unimaginable ordeal. At first, the book did not become very popular because it brought forward the darkest zone of humanity; it broached a topic that the world wanted to leave untouched, forgotten. But that is exactly what Wiesel did not want to let happen. One of the great successes of this hugely appreciated and critically appraised book was that it managed to bring out the stark reality of the concentration camps, the Nazis, the Polish and all the people in the world who kept silent on the face of such atrocities meted out to their fellow citizens. Wiesel once remarked that the opposite of good was not evil, but indifference. The horror of the Holocaust was not only the acts committed by a section of people but the fact that aShow MoreRelatedTeaching Reasoning Methods in the Classroom Essays2083 Words à |à 9 Pagesadd up to analysis. Analysis is a more exact process than simply playing critic. In An Introduction to Student Involved Assessment for Learning, Rick Stiggins (2012) walks the reader thro ugh a variety of reasoning methods including but not exclusive to analysis, synthesis, and evaluative reasoning. He helps the reader to understand the importance of the cognitive processes behind education and how sometimes the means are more valuable than the ends. According to Stiggins (2012), analysis involvesRead MoreAwareness6564 Words à |à 27 Pagessocialisation and a better transmission of memories.20 Schacter21 highlights the primordial role that literature and the arts in general play in the recalling of memories and in the construction of autobiographical memory and ââ¬Å"narrative identity.â⬠22 The analysis of numerous literary works has indeed shown that it is through the writing process that memory is constructed and that seemingly lost memories can re-emerge. For instance, Marcel Proust considered the ââ¬Å"search for lost time,â⬠or the ââ¬Å"remembrance of
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Despite his final words of comfort, his followers Essay Example For Students
Despite his final words of comfort, his followers Essay were devastated at his departure. His favorite disciple Ananda had his body cremated by his friends in Kusinagara. Ten neighboring rulers demanded that his relics and ashes be divided among them, but they could not agree on how to do it. The people of Kusinagara refused. The dispute threatened war, which seems absurd, considering the teachings of Buddha are based on peace. The crisis soon passed, however, when the relics were divided by a wise man named Drona. Ten great towers were then built to enshrine the Buddhas relics and ashes (SPB, pg. 18). More important than his relics and ashes Buddha left behind his great virtues and wisdom. Buddha thoroughly understood human nature and had great sympathy for man. This is why before he died he vowed that he would do everything possible to relieve man from their fears and sufferings. To do this he took the following ten vows:1. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until everyone in my land is certain of entering Buddhahood and gaining Enlightenment. 2. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until my affirming light reaches all over the world. 3. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until my life endures through the ages and saves innumerable numbers of people. 4. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until all the Buddhas in the ten directions unite in praising my name. 5. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until people with sincere faith endeavor to be reborn in my land by repeating my name in sincere faith ten times and actually do succeed in this rebirth. 6. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until people everywhere determine to attain Enlightenment, practice virtues, sincerely wish to be born in my land; thus, I shall appear at the moment of their death with a great company of Bodhisattvas to welcome them into my Pure Land. 7. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until people everywhere, hearing my name, think of my land and wish to be born there and, to that end, sincerely plant seeds of virtue, and are thus able to accomplish all to their hearts desire. 8. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until all those who are born in my Pure Land are certain to attain Buddhahood, so that they may lead many others to Enlightenment and to the practice of great compassion. 9. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until people all over the world are influenced by my spirit of loving compassion that will purify their minds and bodies and lift them above the things of the world. 10. Though I attain Buddhahood, I shall never be complete until people everywhere, hearing my name, learn right ideas about life and death, and gain that perfect wisdom that will keep their minds pure and tranquil in the midst of the worlds greed and suffering. Thus I make these vows; may I not attain Buddhahood until they are fulfilled. May I become the source of unlimited Light, freeing and radiating the treasures of my wisdom and virtue, enlightening all lands and emancipating all suffering people, (SPB, pg. 202-206). By making these vows he became known as Amida Buddha, Buddha of Infinite Light and Boundless Life, and built his own Pure Land. In this Pure Land he lives in a world of peace, enlightening all people. All who take refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, his teachings, and Samgha, the brotherhood, are protected by Amida Buddha and excepted in to his Pure Land. The Pure Land has been described as follows:This Pure Land, wherein there is no suffering, is, indeed most peace-ful and happy. Clothing, food and all beautiful things appear when those who live there wish for them. When a gentle breeze passes through its jewel-laden trees, the music of its holy teachings fills the air and cleanses the minds of all who listen to it. In this Pure Land there are many fragrant lotus blossoms, and each blossom has many precious petals that shines with ineffable beauty. The radiance of these lotus blossoms brightens the path of Wisdom, and those who listen to the music of the holy teachings are led into perfect peace (SPB, pg. 208). Before being led into this perfect peace, one must take refuge in the Dharma, the teachings of Buddha. The Dharma consists of the basic elements of reality. In Buddhism it is said that the truth has never come from the sky; it has always come from the human condition (Trungpa, pg. 97). While sitting under the Bodhi tree in the moments before he realized Enlightenment, Buddha developed the Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths describe the experience of human life on earth as follows: The Truth of Suffering is that life that is not free from desire and passion is always with distress. The Truth of the Cause of Suffering is that suffering is caused by desire of material things for gratification. The Truth of the Cessation is that if the desire can be removed the suffering will end. The Truth of The Noble Path to Cessation is that suffering can be brought to an end through the practice of the Eightfold Path (Champawat, pg. 163). The Eightfold Path is a summary of the steps that must be taken and conquered in order to be delivered from the world of suffering. The Eightfold Path is as follows: right view- that Truth is the guide of man; right thought- to be calm at all times and not to harm any living creatures; right speech- never to lie, never to slander anyone, and never to use coarse or harsh language; right behavior- never to steal, never to kill, and never to do anything one may later regret or be ashamed of; right livelihood- never to live a style of life that is considered bad; right effort- always to strive for good and to avoid evil; right mindfulness- to be calm and detached; right concentration- will lead to the path of perfect peace (Champawat, pg. 164). The practice of the Eightfold Path leads to wisdom, morality, and concentration and awakens one from the world of suffering, which is known as samsara. As the Eightfold Path is considered the right way of life, there are wrong ways of thinking. These mistakes recognized by Buddha include, the belief that all human experience is destiny, that everything is created by God and controlled by His will, and that every thing happens by chance with out any cause or condition (SPB, pg. 74). In Buddhism it is a mistake to believe anything is predetermined because of the law of karma. Karma is the doctrine, adopted from Hinduism, that states that actions are followed by and inevitable result. This belief is also referred to as the law of Cause and Effect. Salem Witch Trials EssayAnother important step in the history of Buddhism was the rise of Mahayana Buddhism. Historians can only guess when, where, and how the new wave of Buddhism began. It is believed it occurred around the first or second centuries B.C. by progressive priests. What is referred to as the new wave, included many additions to the original form called Hinanyana Buddhism. In the original form religion was considered a concern of monks; Buddha was regarded as a saint and teacher; and prayer and ritual was avoided, in response to the fall of the Vedic beliefs (Gaer, pg. 46). In the new Mahayana form of Buddhism, religion was considered the concern of everyone; Buddha was recognized as a Savior; and complex rituals and personal prayers emerged (Gaer, pg. 46). Mahayana Buddhism also concerned itself more with the salvation of the masses than it did before. Bodhisattvas, or living saints, were developed, along with the study of psychology. Despite the additions, the basic beliefs remained the same and so did its overall message. It was this message that traveled along the silk road along with so many other things. Between 140 and 87 B.C. Buddhism made its way through Central Asia and found connections that would soon carry it to China. It was the Central Asian priests who were responsible in the earlier years for what China saw of Buddhism. Between 58 and 76 A.D. the first translations of the scriptures were made from Sanskrit to Chinese (SPB, pg. 544). It wasnt until between 600 and 664 A.D. that China made the first steps to study Buddhism, independent from the Asian priests. Hsuan-chuang was the first Chinese to learn Sanskrit fluently enough to translate scriptures. He spent 19 years in India learning the difficult language. When he was done with his studies he returned home with what is known as the New Translations. Over the next few decades other priests followed his footsteps until numerous volumes were added to the New Translation (SPB, pg. 546). Because the teachings of Buddha came in so many different translations and out of order, there were times of great confusion. The more the Chinese priests attempted to combine and revise the New Translations and the Old Translations, created by the Asian priests, the more people became confused by Buddhas teachings. It was during this confusion that the Tendai sect and the Zen sect appeared. It was also during this time that the Hinayana sect more or less disappeared (SPB, pg. 548). Nonetheless Buddhism flourished in China for centuries. From China the New Translations were brought to Japan. In 538 A.D. a Buddhist image and a scroll of sutras was brought to the Imperial Court of Emperor Kinmei. Curious, the emperor had them researched, marking the beginning of a new Japan (SPB, pg. 554). Temples began to be built as they learned more about the religion. Over time a new culture arose. Buddhism has prospered in Japan for over 1,400 years. Buddhism arrived in he United States during colonial times, but was practiced by few. It wasnt until the late 1950s and 1960s that people began to study the practices of Buddhism. The nonviolent theme of the religion took on a new life during the opposition of the Vietnam War. At the same time as the war in Vietnam, on the other side of the world in Tibet, there was a completely separate struggle going on. China, now a communist country, promoted atheism and claimed the predominately Buddhist Tibet as part of its own country, while Tibet claimed to rule itself. Buddhism was brought to Tibet sometime around 763 A.D. by a profit by the name of Padma Sambhava (Lama Surya Das, pg. 24). The Buddhism he brought was mostly Mahayana, but over a period of years a new form of Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism was born. For 50 years the two countries argued over the issue, but in October 1950 China invaded. Up until then, Tibet had remained a country at peace, symbolizing the ideal Buddhist community. As China smothered the remote Buddhist country more and more, many of its leaders fled the country. Although fearing the worst the Tibetan leader, His Holiness the Dalai Lama remained at his capital in Lhasa to support his people. Then in 1959, the young boy was invited to a p lay by the Chinese government and was advised to leave his attendants and body guards at home. Hearing this a large movement of native Tibetans revolted. They surrounded the great palace, where fighting soon broke out. The young Dalai Lama was able to sneak out and find asylum in India. Not knowing of His Holiness the Dalai Lamas departure, the Chinese Army shelled his palace the next day killing thousands of unarmed civilians (Gyatso, pg. 65). In the year to follow, close to one hundred thousand Tibetans managed to escape to India, before China managed to close the borders. Unfortunately, an unknown number disappeared in the Himalayan wilderness and were never heard from again. For those who were left behind life has been unbearable. The Chinese moved quickly to take over the monasteries and to stamp out the practice of Buddhism, stating that religion poisons the mind (Gyatso, pg. 68).Amnesty International has estimated that over 1.2 million Tibetans have been killed by the Chinese Army (Lama Surya Das, pg. 28). Thousands of monks, nuns, and laypeople remain in concentration camps struggling to survive unmentionable tortures (Gyatso, pg. 108). Since the 1960s the Tibetans that were fortunate enough to escape have found homes in France, Switzerland, Great Britain, and the United States. In their new homes many of them have made it their duty to continue the teachings of Buddha, as well as, to raise the awareness of the world on the issues of Tibet. Having developed during a time of great social transformation, Buddhism is a sensitive religion, that confronts the importance of the individual mind, Its founders mission was to raise the awareness of his people and to deliver them from suffering. For 2500 years Buddhism has united hundreds of thousands of people and inspired them when nothing else could. Buddhism is a compassionate religion, whose goal is to overcome the faults of human nature.
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